Working With Error Messages: Custom Error Messages

$messages = [
    'required' => 'The :attribute field is required.',
];

$validator = Validator::make($input, $rules, $messages);

$messages = [
    'same'    => 'The :attribute and :other must match.',
    'size'    => 'The :attribute must be exactly :size.',
    'between' => 'The :attribute value :input is not between :min - :max.',
    'in'      => 'The :attribute must be one of the following types: :values',
];

$messages = [
    'email.required' => 'We need to know your e-mail address!',
];

'custom' => [
    'email' => [
        'required' => 'We need to know your e-mail address!',
    ],
],

'attributes' => [
    'email' => 'email address',
],